{"id":157,"date":"2024-01-16T16:42:49","date_gmt":"2024-01-16T16:42:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/?page_id=157"},"modified":"2024-01-22T18:40:09","modified_gmt":"2024-01-22T18:40:09","slug":"mechanisms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/mechanisms\/","title":{"rendered":"Molecular Mechanisms of Early Patterning"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap has-box-shadow-overlay\"><div class=\"box-shadow-overlay\"><\/div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"353\" src=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/img_page_header-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"logo of Ettensohn Lab\" title=\"Ettensohn Lab\" srcset=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/img_page_header-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/img_page_header-1280x177.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/img_page_header-980x135.jpg 980w, https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/img_page_header-480x66.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2560px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-97\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_with_border et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_0  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Research<\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Molecular Mechanisms of Early Patterning<\/h2><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_1  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_1 et_pb_equal_columns  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_1  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\">The early patterning of animal embryos is entrained by the polarized distribution of regulatory molecules (proteins and mRNAs) in the unfertilized egg. One highly conserved system of molecular polarity involves components of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In many metazoans, the proteolytic degradation of \u00df-catenin, an important transcriptional effector of Wnt signaling, is polarized along the early embryonic axis. The stabilization of \u00df-catenin on one side of the early embryo results in the local activation of target genes that specify the endomesoderm and its associated signaling centers. An important regulator of this pathway is dishevelled (Dsh), a protein that protects \u00df-catenin from proteolytic degradation. During oogenesis, Dsh is directed to the vegetal cortex via specific targeting motifs located near the N-terminus of the protein. During cleavage, Dsh is inherited by vegetal blastomeres and stabilizes \u00df-catenin selectively in these cells.  Our current work is aimed at: 1) further elucidating the molecular basis of the intracellular targeting of Dsh, 2) uncovering additional mechanisms that act in parallel with Dsh to stabilize \u00df-catenin in vegetal blastomeres, and 3) understanding the differential responses of vegetal blastomeres to \u00df-catenin.<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_2  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"725\" height=\"628\" src=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/img_res_mec_researchproject3_1.png\" alt=\"RNA sequence\" title=\"img_res_mec_researchproject3_1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/img_res_mec_researchproject3_1.png 725w, https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/img_res_mec_researchproject3_1-480x416.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 725px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-161\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_2  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em>Dishevelled (Dsh) protein is targeted to the vegetal pole of the egg. Confocal image of a zygote injected with mRNA encoding GFP-tagged Dsh. After two hours, newly synthesized Dsh-GFP is localized at the vegetal cortex.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_2 et_pb_equal_columns  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_3  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_video et_pb_video_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_video_box\">\n\t\t\t\t<video controls>\n\t\t\t\t\t<source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/researchproject3_22.mov\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/video><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_3  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><em>Polarized degradation of beta-catenin along the axis of the early embryo. This time-lapse movie was generated from confocal image stacks of a cleavage-stage embryo injected with mRNA encoding beta-catenin-GFP. The GFP-tagged protein is degraded selectively in animal cells. In vegetal cells, beta-catenin is stable and activates GRNs that underlie mesoderm and endoderm development (from Weitzel et al., 2004). <\/em><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_2  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_3  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_5  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_0 et_pb_toggle_item  et_pb_toggle_close\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">Relevant Papers<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix\"><p class=\"bigwtext\">Khor JM, Guerrero-Santoro J, Ettensohn CA. Molecular compartmentalization in a syncytium: restricted mobility of proteins within the sea urchin skeletogenic mesenchyme. Development. 2023 Nov 15;150(22):dev201804. doi: 10.1242\/dev.201804. Epub 2023 Nov 27. PMID: 37902109. <a href=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/dev201804.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bigwtext\">Chess MM, Douglas W, Saunders J, Ettensohn CA. Genome-wide identification and spatiotemporal expression analysis of cadherin superfamily members in echinoderms. Evodevo. 2023 Dec 20;14(1):15. doi: 10.1186\/s13227-023-00219-7. PMID: 38124068; PMCID: PMC10734073. <a href=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/s13227-023-00219-7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bigwtext\">Ettensohn CA. Embryonic polarity: Focusing on Dishevelled. Curr Biol. 2021 Dec 20;31(24):R1582-R1585. doi: 10.1016\/j.cub.2021.10.060. PMID: 34932969. <a href=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/PIIS0960982221015049.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bigwtext\">Stamateris, R. E., Rafiq, K., and Ettensohn, C. A. (2010). The expression and distribution of Wnt and Wnt receptor mRNAs during early sea urchin development. Gene Expr. Patterns 10: 60-64. <a href=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/1-s2.0-S1567133X09001161-main.pdf\" target=\"new\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bigwtext\">Leonard, J. and Ettensohn, C. A. (2007). Analysis of dishevelled localization and function in the early sea urchin embryo. Dev. Biol. 306: 50-65. <a href=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/nihms25428.pdf\" target=\"new\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"bigwtext\">Ettensohn, C. A. (2006). The emergence of pattern in embryogenesis: Regulation of beta-catenin localization during early sea urchin development. STKE Perspective, Science 361: pe48. <a href=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/STKE.pdf\" target=\"new\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"bigwtext\"> Weitzel, H. E., Illies, M. R., Byrum, C. A., Xu, R., Wikramanayake, A. H., and Ettensohn, C. A. (2004). Differential stability of beta-catenin along the animal-vegetal axis of the sea urchin embryo mediated by dishevelled. Development 131: 2947-2956. <a href=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/36\/2024\/01\/Development-2004-Weitzel-2947-56.pdf\" target=\"new\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF<\/a><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-157","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=157"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/157\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":334,"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/157\/revisions\/334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/ettensohn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}