{"id":155,"date":"2013-01-20T20:49:24","date_gmt":"2013-01-20T20:49:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bio.cmu.edu\/laboratories\/kuhlman\/?page_id=155"},"modified":"2020-05-01T16:23:19","modified_gmt":"2020-05-01T16:23:19","slug":"overview-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>To behave appropriately, animals must generate internal representations of the external world, and update these internal representations based on current, local conditions.\u00a0 The updated representation is coupled to motor output centers and behavior is modified to fit local conditions.\u00a0 Since the pioneering work of neuroethologists such as Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, we have come to appreciate that identifiable circuits mediate behavioral adaptation to local environmental conditions.<\/p>\n<p>Current projects in the lab are designed to answer the following questions, with a focus on cortical inhibition:<br \/>\nWhat aspects of sensory-motor circuits are subject to modification during learning?<br \/>\nHow are the very circuits that are used during sensory-motor learning constructed in the first place?<br \/>\nComputationally, how does cell-type diversity contribute to sensory encoding and learning?<\/p>\n<p>We use a range of techniques, including electrophysiological recordings of targeted cell types <em>in-vivo<\/em> and <em>in-vitro<\/em>, 2-photon microscopy, behavioral methods, and computational analyses.<\/p>\n<h2>Two-photon calcium imaging is used to assay the activity of hundreds of neurons simultaneously:<\/h2>\n<div style=\"width: 300px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-155-1\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" loop autoplay preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/02\/multilayer_video.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/02\/multilayer_video.mp4\">https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/02\/multilayer_video.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<h2>Technique of in-vivo 2-photon guided electrophysiological recordings:<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-269 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/01\/AnthonyMouseAndImageCombo-copy.png\" alt=\"AnthonyMouseAndImageCombo copy\" width=\"313\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/01\/AnthonyMouseAndImageCombo-copy.png 376w, https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/01\/AnthonyMouseAndImageCombo-copy-214x300.png 214w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 313px) 100vw, 313px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_265\" style=\"width: 182px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-265\" class=\"wp-image-265 \" src=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/01\/PvAi9027_c1AVIImageJiii.gif\" alt=\"PvAi9027_c1AVIImageJiii\" width=\"172\" height=\"172\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-265\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">PV inhibitory neurons visualized using 2-photon microscopy, in-vivo. Image sequence is a Z-stack, the plane of focus is moving from the surface of the brain to a depth of 250 microns. Note the recording pipette on the right, appearing at approx. 220 microns below the surface.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Once the cell is patched, visual stimuli such as drifting gratings, of various orientations, are shown to the mouse.\u00a0 Click on the movie below to listen to a PV inhibitory neuron spike response during a recording session.\u00a0 This is a cell-attached recording.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-155-2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/01\/ephysmovie-ctrl-combined-compressed-Desktop-iPhone.m4v?_=2\" \/><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"http:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/01\/ephysmovie-ctrl-combined-compressed-Desktop-iPhone.m4v?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/01\/ephysmovie-ctrl-combined-compressed-Desktop-iPhone.m4v\">https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/01\/ephysmovie-ctrl-combined-compressed-Desktop-iPhone.m4v<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Useful links:<\/h2>\n<p>Website for the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition:<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnbc.cmu.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.cnbc.cmu.edu\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To behave appropriately, animals must generate internal representations of the external world, and update these internal representations based on current, local conditions.\u00a0 The updated representation is coupled to motor output centers and behavior is modified to fit local conditions.\u00a0 Since the pioneering work of neuroethologists <span class=\"more-button\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-155","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/ParKn6-2v","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/155","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=155"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/155\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":419,"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/155\/revisions\/419"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/labs.bio.cmu.edu\/kuhlman\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}